Evidence
Evidence and limits
The evidence for menopausal hormone therapy is strong for vasomotor symptoms and bone. The 2022 position statement of the North American Menopause Society confirms hormone therapy as the most effective treatment for hot flushes and night sweats and for prevention of bone loss, with the most favorable benefit-risk ratio in women under 60 or within ten years of menopause onset (The 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement Advisory Panel, Menopause, 2022). The Endocrine Society guideline reaches the same conclusion and recommends individualizing the decision by age, time since menopause and cardiovascular and breast-cancer risk (Stuenkel et al., Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2015).
The risks are also well measured. In the Women's Health Initiative, the combined estrogen plus progestin arm in 16,608 postmenopausal women was stopped early because invasive breast cancer, coronary events, stroke and pulmonary embolism were more frequent than with placebo, while hip fractures and colorectal cancer were less frequent (Rossouw et al., JAMA, 2002). The women in that trial were on average 63 years old; later analyses by age are the reason the guidelines now distinguish early from late starters.
The evidence for custom-compounded "bioidentical" mixtures is limited and the Endocrine Society's scientific statement finds no rationale for prescribing them routinely, because their dose and purity are not tested (Santoro et al., Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2016). We use regulated bioidentical products for that reason.
The evidence for DHEA in older adults is limited. In a two-year placebo-controlled trial of 87 elderly men and 57 elderly women, DHEA (and low-dose testosterone in men) raised blood levels but produced no physiologically relevant change in body composition, physical performance, insulin sensitivity or quality of life (Nair et al., New England Journal of Medicine, 2006). We prescribe DHEA only for a measured deficiency with a specific indication, and we tell you what that trial found.
What the evidence does not show: no trial has shown that raising a hormone from the lower part of the normal range into the upper part extends life, prevents dementia or reverses aging.